Description/Taste
Oyster mushrooms caps can vary from pale to dark gray, depending on the season. Oyster mushrooms can be green, pink or yellow in color, depending on the species. The fluted caps have a shape similar to an oyster, ranging in size from 4 to 16 centimeters in width. White gills extend from beneath the cap, down a very short or non-existent stem. Oyster mushrooms are soft and have a slightly chewy texture. Wild Oyster mushrooms can develop a slight aroma of anise, cultivated varieties are milder in flavor, featuring a slight seafood aroma and taste.
Nutritional Value
Mushrooms are one of the few plant sources of vitamin D. One cup of Oyster mushrooms is about 4% of the daily requirement for vitamin D. The most nutrient dense portion of the mushroom is the cap; young mushrooms are the most nutritious. Many mushroom species contain an antioxidant called ergothioneine, which decreases inflammation in the body. Oyster mushrooms are one of the best mushroom sources of this antioxidant. Recent research concluded that ergothioneine can reduce instances of cardiovascular disease by preventing plaque build-up in the arteries. Oyster mushrooms are also good sources of protein, fiber, postassium, vitamin B6 and folate.
Applications
Oyster mushrooms are best eaten cooked. Up to 10% of the population could have a slight allergic reaction to eating the fungus raw. Cook the tender parts of the Oyster mushroom and save the stem (if present) and any tough parts for vegetable stock. They cook relatively quickly, so add Oyster mushrooms towards the end of the cooking process. Oyster mushrooms pair well with seafood and white meats. The Oyster mushroom's meaty texture lends well to frying, stir-fry, and braising. Substitute Oyster mushrooms for the real thing in a mock-Oysters Rockefeller. Pair with other mushrooms, such as shiitake or chantrelle for a wild mushroom risotto or pasta. As they are extremely perishable, use Oyster mushrooms as soon as possible for optimum flavor and quality. Do not wash mushrooms until just before use. To preserve, sauté with butter or oil and freeze.
Geography/History
Oyster mushrooms grow throughout the world, in areas where there is a perfect balance of rain and moderate temperature. They can be found growing on hardwood and conifers, most often decaying or dead wood. Oyster mushrooms are relatively easy to grow and need little assistance. The Oyster is one of the most cultivated mushrooms in the world, next to button and shiitake. Commercial cultivation of Oyster mushrooms is far more recent than that of the button and shiitake varieties.